地质统计学反演在薄煤层预测中的应用

曙光煤矿煤层多为薄煤层,利用地震数据常规反演技术预测开采区域煤层厚度的分辨能力有限,远低于煤层开采的需要。引入基于MCMC算法的地质统计学反演技术对曙光煤矿采区内薄煤层进行厚度预测。预测结果与常规解释结果进行对比,并利用已有钻孔资料进行验证,发现该方法的分辨率可达到1 m,对煤层厚度、煤中夹矸厚度的预测误差分别控制在0.5、0.1 m以内。有效解决了曙光煤矿薄煤层预测问题。     

遗传算法和模矢法结合的概率积分法参数反演方法

遗传算法在反演概率积分法预计参数时从参数取值范围内的串集开始搜索,并使用弹性策略来维持群体的多样性,使得算法可以跨过局部收敛的障碍,向全局最优解方向进化;但这种概率化的寻优算法存在局部探索能力差、结果不稳定的缺陷,只能获得问题的近似最优解。模矢法是一种降梯度算法,算法局部探索能力强、收敛快;但这种算法对初值选取敏感,初值选择不当易陷入局部极值。本文提出并实现了一种模矢法与遗传算法结合的组合算法:先使用遗传算法求得参数的全局近似最优解,然后将近似最优解作为探索初值,使用模矢法获得参数的稳定、精确最优解。研究结果表明:组合算法反演概率积分法预计参数的精确度高、收敛快、稳定性好,综合性能较遗传算法和模矢法有明显优势。     

基于狼群算法的概率积分法模型参数反演方法研究

概率积分法模型属于典型的多元复杂非线性函数,且部分参数存在相关性,使得概率积分法模型参数反演一直是开采沉陷数据处理的热点问题和难点问题。WPA(狼群算法)作为一种新群体智能算法,已在多维背包求解问题、水电站水库优化调度以及旅行商等复杂非线性最优化问题中得到成功应用,但在开采沉陷数据处理领域尚未见文献报道。鉴于此,本文首次将WPA引入概率积分法模型参数反演中,构建了基于WPA的概率积分法模型参数反演方法。研究结果表明:WPA反演概率积分法模型参数具有较高的准确度、较好的精度、良好的稳健性,且满足工程应用标准。本文研究成果对概率积分法模型参数精准反演具有重要参考价值。     

Integrated Adsorbent Process Optimization for Minimum Cost of Electricity Including Carbon Capture by a VSA Process

Assessing vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) technology for postcombustion CO₂ capture and concentration (CCC) using energy and productivity indicators are useful, but its ultimate test must be the cost of electricity from a power plant including CCC. Here, our integrated optimization platform (Khurana and Farooq, AlChE J. 2017;63:2987–2995) developed earlier to simultaneously obtain the optimum adsorbent and process conditions is extended to include a comprehensive costing framework. The framework is complete with scale-up design and column scheduling, and compliant with National Energy Technology Laboratory costing guidelines for carbon capture. This is the ultimate tool that enables integrated optimization to minimize the cost of electricity. The Shell Cansolv CO₂ capture system is used as the benchmark for evaluating the best performance of two VSA cycles for two adsorbents. The operating conditions and isotherm shapes necessary to achieve the lowest possible cost of electricity for the two VSA cycles are also presented to facilitate designing or searching the best adsorbent for CCC. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 184–195, 2019     

结合引导滤波的自适应多曝光图像融合

针对引导滤波产生的光晕、梯度反转现象，以及图像融合边缘细节丢失的现象，提出一种改进引导滤波的自适应多曝光图像融合算法。在引导滤波中根据梯度信息设定权重函数，并结合图像像素点和一定区域的均值创建函数，共同实现不同区域的纹理特性自适应；利用平均亮度与对比度、饱和度及曝光适中度的关系，设置权值函数，使加权平均融合过程中的权重值不再是固定的数值，而能够根据不同的图像亮度自适应调整，权重值也不同，使得融合后的图像质量更好；将原序列图的细节信息叠加到改进的引导滤波图像中，构建纹理细节层。实验结果削弱了光晕及梯度反转现象，使图像更加真实，细节更加清晰，并且对有小光源的图像处理效果更好。算法结果明显优于多曝光融合算法及引导滤波的多曝光图像融合，在信息熵、互信息和边缘信息评价中分别取得最高2.5%、30%和30%左右的质量提升。     

松辽盆地伏龙泉断陷边界断层构造反转率

盆地边界断层通常为同沉积断层，同沉积断层活动时间相对短且具有间歇性，地层沉积时间相对较长，这决定了断陷盆地的地层分布格局。通过分析同沉积断层理论模式，认为断陷缓坡带地层厚度与边界断层下盘厚度相当，边界断层下盘通常缺失与上盘对应的地层，可选择断陷盆地缓坡带地层厚度代替边界断层下盘厚度，建立虚拟下盘厚度格架，然后运用位移-距离曲线等方法对边界断层开展定量研究。伏龙泉断陷位于松辽盆地东南部，为东断西超的半地堑盆地，发育4条边界断层，依次控制了4个沉积次洼，4条边界断层的活动强度和反转程度存在差异。伏龙泉断陷经历了断陷期、拗陷期、反转期三个主要的构造期次，分别对应于边界断层强烈活动、停止活动、反转活动3个演化阶段，发生于白垩纪末的反转活动使得边界断层再次活化，形成油气运移通道，深层油气向上运移到浅层圈闭中，形成次生油气藏。通过定量计算伏龙泉断陷各边界断层的反转率，结合油气富集规律认识，认为反转率适中的区域最有利于次生油气藏的形成和保存。     

Chemical process fault diagnosis based on enchanted machine‐learning approach

In the chemical industry, fault diagnosis is a challenging task due to the complexity of chemical equipment. This paper proposes a machine learning‐based approach to achieve the goal of fault diagnosis. First, in order to reduce the impact of redundant features, support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVMRFE) is used to select important features. The trained probabilistic neural network (PNN) is then used for fault diagnosis. Considering that the diagnostic performance is affected by its hidden layer element smoothing factor (σ), the modified bat algorithm (MBA) is used to optimize the PNN to obtain optimal global parameter values. The MBA adopts a better optimization mechanism than the basic algorithm and achieves excellent global convergence. It can globally optimize the smoothing factor, which effectively improves the fault diagnosis ability of the PNN. During the testing of the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process data set, we evaluate the performance of the proposed model by comparing the F₁‐score and accuracy of the different methods. The charts provided describe the fault diagnostic results and classification for the different models. The results indicate that the MBA has a better optimization ability than other traditional optimization algorithms. At the same time, the combination method proposed in this paper is also superior to others and can significantly improve the accuracy of TE process fault diagnosis.     

Analytic inversion for a general case of certain classes of matrices

The explicit inverse and determinant of a class of matrices are presented. The class under consideration is defined by 4n ? 2 parameters, analytic expressions of which form the elements of the upper Hessenberg type inverse. These analytic expressions enable recursion formulae to be obtained, which reduce the arithmetic operations to O(n ²). The Hadamard product of two specific structures' matrices provides the class presented, special cases of which are already known classes of test matrices.     

A comparison of heuristics for family and job scheduling in a flow-line manufacturing cell

This paper proposes new procedures for scheduling a flow-line manufacturing cell and compares the results obtained by using these new procedures to results obtained using procedures developed by Wemmerlov and Vakharia, Skorin-Kapov and Vakharia, and Sridhar and Rajendran. The procedures are evaluated on the basis of the makespans generated by solutions for test problems. The results show that the new procedures can efficiently generate good makespans and that results obtained by using the tabu search procedure developed by Skorin-Kapov and Vakharia can be improved if a starting set of job and family sequences is generated by one of the new procedures.     

海相页岩TOC地震定量预测技术及其应用——以四川盆地焦石坝地区为例

总有机碳含量(TOC)是评价页岩生烃能力和页岩油气藏的一个重要指标,目前国内外利用地震资料直接定量预测TOC的报道很少,因此,有必要对地震预测TOC的方法作进一步的研究。为此,以四川盆地焦石坝地区为例,从岩心实测TOC出发,通过TOC与地球物理参数交会分析,寻找到TOC敏感地球物理参数——密度,并建立密度与TOC之间的最佳拟合方程,得到计算总有机碳含量的经验公式;结合叠前地震反演获得的密度体便可计算出TOC数据体,从而达到定量预测页岩TOC的目的。将改进的预测方法应用于四川盆地焦石坝地区海相页岩气勘探,结果表明:①利用叠前同时反演直接求得的密度体避免了累计误差,稳定性好,多解性少,结果可靠,为精细定量预测TOC提供了基础保证;②预测的TOC与实测结果吻合程度高,相对误差较小。结论认为,该技术在四川盆地海相页岩气勘探中具有广阔的应用前景。